How Do Smartphones Affect the Brain

How Do Smartphones Affect the Brain Theories Biological Psychology Print The Effects of Smartphones on Your Brain Research suggests smartphones impact the brain in a variety of ways By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on February 08, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 12, 2019 praetorianphoto/Getty Images   More in Theories Biological Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Psychosocial Psychology What are the effects of smartphones on the brain? Given the prevalence of smartphones today, it is a question of interest for healthcare practitioners, mental health professionals, educators, parents, and anyone who happens to use a smartphone on a regular basis. If you were asked to go a day without your smartphone, do you think you could do  it easily? Researchers who have asked participants to go without their phones for various periods of time have found that breaking the technology habit, even for a relatively short interval, can be exceedingly difficult. Walk into any public venue and you will probably find people using their phones for a variety of purposes, from conducting business calls to checking their email to updating their Twitter. Our phones have become an inextricable part of our lives. But does this reliance on smartphones have any impact on our  brains? Effects of Smartphones and Cognitive Ability Recent research suggests that smartphone usage does indeed have an effect on the brain, although the long-term effects remain to be seen.  In one study presented to the Radiological Society of North America, researchers found that young people with a so-called internet and smartphone addiction actually demonstrated imbalances in brain chemistry compared to a control group. Another studying appearing in the Journal of the Association for Consumer Research found that cognitive capacity was significantly reduced whenever a smartphone is within reach, even when the phone is off. Some recent research suggests that it might. Experts suggest that all of this phone use can have an impact on children’s social and emotional development, that it can impair our sleep patterns, and that it might even turn some people into lazy thinkers. Phone and Tablet Use Might Impair Social-Emotional Skills In the commentary appearing in the journal Pediatrics, researchers from the Boston University School of Medicine took a closer look at the available literature on smartphone and iPad use among very young children. Using such devices to entertain or pacify children, they warn, might have a detrimental effect on their social and emotional development. “If these devices become the predominant method to calm and distract young children, will they be able to develop their own internal mechanisms of self-regulation?” the researchers question. Hands-on activities and those involving direct human interaction are superior to interactive screen games, the experts suggest. The use of mobile devices becomes especially problematic when such devices replace hands-on activities that help develop visual-motor and sensorimotor skills. The researchers note, however, that there are still many unknowns about how the use of mobile devices influences child development. They question whether overuse of smartphone and tablets might interfere with the development of social and problem-solving skills that are better acquired during unstructured play with interaction with peers. Your Smartphone Might Be Keeping You up at Night Using your smartphone or tablet at bedtime might be interfering with your sleep, and not because you’re staying up late to check your email, scroll through your Facebook news feed, or play a game of Trivia Crack. Instead, some sleep experts warn, it is the type of light emitted from your mobile device’s screen that might just be messing up your sleep cycle, even after you turn off your device. In a study published in the Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, a dozen adult participants were asked to either read on an iPad for four hours each night before bed or read printed books in dim lighting. After five consecutive nights, the two groups switched. What the researchers discovered was that those who had read on an iPad before bedtime displayed a reduction in levels of melatonin, a hormone that increases throughout the evening and induces sleepiness. It also took these participants more time to fall asleep, and they experienced less REM sleep throughout the night. The culprit? The type of blue light emitted by most mobile devices. The cells at the back of the eyes contain a light-sensitive protein that picks up certain wavelengths of light. These light-sensitive cells then send signals to the brains clock that regulates the bodys circadian rhythms. Normally, blue light peaks in the morning, signaling your body to wake up for the day. Red light increases in the evening, signaling that it is time to wind down and go to bed. By interrupting this natural cycle with the blue light emitted by mobile devices, the normal sleep-wake cycles are thrown out of whack. Theres a lot of skepticism out there; a lot of people think this is psychological, explained one of the studys authors, Charles Czeisler. But what we showed is that reading from light-emitting, e-reader devices has profound biological effects. The next time you’re tempted to play with your mobile device in bed, think about the possible effect this might have on your brain and your sleep and consider picking up a paperback book instead. Smartphones Might Make Your Brain Lazy Mobile devices dont just offer distraction these days. You no longer have to memorize phone numbers or keep a Rolodex on your deskâ€"all that information is neatly stored on your phone’s contact list. Instead of mulling over questions you might have about the world around you, you can just grab your phone and Google the answers. Instead of trying to remember important appointments, meetings, or dates, you simply rely on an iPhone app to remind you of what you need to accomplish each day. And some experts warn that this over-reliance on your mobile device for all the answers might lead to  mental laziness. In fact, one recent study has found that there is actually a link between relying on a smartphone and mental laziness. Smartphones dont necessarily turn people from deep thinkers into lazy thinkers, but it does suggest that people who are naturally intuitive thinkersâ€"or those who act based on instinct and emotionsâ€"tend to rely on their phones more frequently. The problem with relying on the Internet too much is that you cant know you have the correct answer unless you think about it in an analytical or logical way, explained Gordon Pennycook, one of the studys co-authors. “Our research provides support for an association between heavy smartphone use and lowered intelligence,” said Pennycook. “Whether smartphones actually decrease intelligence is still an open question that requires future research.” The researchers warn, however, that the use of mobile devices has far out-paced the available research on the subject. Researchers are just at the beginning stages of understanding the potential short-term and long-term effects that smartphone use might have on the brain. Mobile devices are certainly bound to have their detriments, but the researchers also suggest that we have yet to fully understand the possible ways that they might also benefit the brain.

Technical Communication Methods and Practices Essay

Technical Communication Methods and Practices Jerome Armstead CJA/363 Interpersonal Communication Don Gemeinhardt There are many different accidents that may occur that law enforcement may encounter on a day to day bases. Officers must know how to react to these calls in order to effective communicate with others. Effective communication will allow an officer the know how to specifically get the help that he needs in order to complete the task with the correct tools. The police officer needs to be able to communicate with the accident victims, another officer, the department, or even the dispatcher. There are different types of accidents that may occur such as fire accidents, auto accidents, homicides, robberies and†¦show more content†¦Communication is vital between the police and the fireman because there may be others is involved that could be injured or could become injured (Criminal Procedure, 2008). The police have many protocols for many different situations. Many police departments have procedures that are followed for an auto accident. First the responding police officer will check the area for anyone that is injured and communicate the information by radio to another officer. Normally the dispatcher, who is communicating with additional officers, relays the information that he receives from the responding officer. The officer must communicate with the drivers at take statements, so that the officer will record each driver’s version of how the accident occurred into a police report. Sometimes an additional officer that is present may be used to help with the questioning in order to determine if any drugs or alcohol were used. The report may have diagrams of the accident, which may help determine who was at fault. The officer then may have photographs, and roadway conditions. After this the final police report will be compiled with all of the statements and addit ional information that was gathered. 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Literature Review Nami Is A Not For Profit Organization

Literature Review NAMI is a not-for-profit organization that seeks to change the image of mental illness and advance the care and treatments they receive. It was formed to change to public and professional views on the issue. The main focus is to destigmatize the diseases of the mind and change the characterizations of the mentally ill from negative to positive. It was founded in 1979 because the mentally ill have been historically been misunderstood. In the three decades that it has been in place they have found a spot on both the public and governmental level. NAMI and other advocates created a film in 2002, A Beautiful Mind, which won an academy award for best picture. The organization is commonly known as the primary facilitator of this image to change the views on mental illness. NAMI created a group called StigmaBusters, their job was to fight and end the hurtful things being said about mental illness. In 1999 there was a peak of articles about stigma and mental illness, 92. T his goes to show that with the growth of information about the issue the more the image of mental illness is changed (Vaughan and Arsneault, 2008 p. 411-426). Burland of NAMI and Nemec of BU (2007) wrote an article about NAMI training. A need for radical change needs to occur and NAMI knows just the thing to do it. They designed different kinds of educational training programs to aid and support families that need the help. The programs were called the NAMI family to family education program,Show MoreRelatedLiterature Review : Nami Is A Not For Profit Organization1832 Words   |  8 PagesLiterature Review NAMI is a not-for-profit organization that seeks to change the image of mental illness and advance the care and treatments that they can receive. It was formed to change to public and professional views on the issue. The main focus is changing the characterizations of the mentally ill from negative to positive. It was founded in 1979 because the mentally ill have been historically misunderstood. In the three decades that it has been in place they have found a spot on both the

Historical Evolution and Development of the Various Mass Media Free Essays

Throughout history there have been several factors that contributed to the historical evolution and development of the various mass media in the United States. Print, broadcast, and electronic media have changed drastically since man was first introduced to them. The speed of these changes are occurring more rapidly now, altering the different forms of media along with it. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Evolution and Development of the Various Mass Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Though these changes have brought forth many benefits, a few negative impacts have been brought along as well. Print media has been used by people to spread information for centuries, dating all the way back to 59 B. C. by Julius Caesar. Caesar created the â€Å"newspaper† to tell the public about important events. During this time news was written on large white boards, which were located in places where people would usually go. Later the Chinese created the first hand-written newspapers. In 1447, Johann Gutenberg invented the printing press. Gutenberg’s creation made the exchange of people’s ideas much easier. Newspapers did not start having publications on a regular basis until the beginning of the 17th century. Print media completely transformed after the creation of the telegraph in 1844. Then finally in the 19th century, newspapers have became the primary source of news. Since the introduction of broadcast media in the 1900’s, print media has had to reevaluate their position as an information provider. Broadcasting media started with wireless telegraphy which was dots and dashes carried by radio transmissions. Audio broadcasting services that traveled through radio waves sent from a transmitter to an antenna became very popular quickly. People all across the world tuned into their radios regularly to hear current events. Television eventually began to take the place of radio in the 1950’s. During the cold war, shortwave broadcasting played an important role in keeping people informed. FM radio changed younger Americans interest in radio in the 1970’s. Many stations would play entire record albums instead of just the top songs. In the 2000’s digital radio and satellite broadcasting became extremely popular. Electronic media is a form of media that uses electronics or electromechanical energy in order for its viewer to receive the content. Electronic media sources most commonly used by most people are audio and video recordings, multimedia and slide presentations, disk, and online content. The newest and most common form of electric media is in the form of digital media. The rise in electronic media can be dated back to the 1960’s. In 1968, the U. S. Department of Defense created a network to where different computers could communicate with one another. A student at the University of Minnesota developed the internet years later. The Web included images, audio and video features, and hypertext links. People can gain unlimited sources of information whenever and whenever through the internet. In the early 1990’s local and national newspapers became based online. By the early 2000’s most magazines were even located online. Now, electronic media has almost completely taken the place of print media. In my opinion, broadcast media tends to have a uniting influence and it also niches audiences based on demographic consumer needs. People begin to feel a connection with the individuals they watch on television or regularly hear on the radio. This connection makes that or those particular individuals opinion have as huge impact on most of their viewers. MSNBC is known for being more democratic in nature, using social networks as an outlet to promote its cultural hegemony. Broadcasting medias such as MSNBC, Fox News, and PBS are visibly more diversity exemplified as opposed to other stations. They focus on politics and are mainly just concerned with showing their belief in a positive light, while putting a negative spin on other beliefs. Americans should be concerned about this, because it influences people on terms that may not be truthful. Strategies media professionals from different industries have historically used to adapt to societal and technical changes include changing from print media to being online based, business developing pages on social networks, and interacting with its viewers. Certain changes have been made by the different forms of media in order to keep up with the latest trends in technology. I believe in the future, print media will be extinct and electronic media will be the main and maybe even only form of media. When attempting to prosper in the American marketplace, media professionals face the challenges of keeping up with the growing requirement for owners of content to arrange multi-format content in order to fully maximize new forms of digital technology. Legal challenges media professionals face include privacy, advertising, agreement terms, security concerns, and ensuring people with disabilities are able to access their content. In conclusion, several events have had to take place in order for our several medias to be where they are today. This paper displayed some of the influences broadcasting and print media had on people. Print media has been used to spread information to people since the B. C. years. Digital media had virtually taken the place of print media, causing a drastic decrease in actual newspapers making them and magazines mainly online based. Electronic media continues to dominate all other forms of media and appears to grow even more powerful throughout the years. WORKS CITED Barber, Phil. â€Å"A Brief History of Newspapers†, Historic Newspapers and Early Imprints. 2002. . Bethelsen, John. Internet Hacks: Web News Cashes In†. Asia Times Online, April 2003. . B. L. Yates, . â€Å"History of Broadcast media. † . N. p. , n. d. Web. 15 Apr 2012. . Mathew, Roy. â€Å"Technology Advances in Journalism. † Cyber Journalist: Technology, Tools, Ethics. N. p. , 25 S. Web. 15 Apr 2012. Middleberg, Donald Ross, Steven. (March 1996). â€Å"The Media in Cyberspace. † Paper delivered at Columbia University. â€Å"Newspapers: A brief history. † World Association of Newspapers. N. p. , 2004. Web. 15 Apr 2012. . â€Å"Newspapers: The Continent† Columbia Encyclopedia, 6 Ed. , 2003. How to cite Historical Evolution and Development of the Various Mass Media, Papers

Running head Decision Making Process in Managemen Essays - Economy

Running head: Decision Making Process in Management Decision Making Process in Management Amber B.N. Campbell Belhaven University Decision Making Process in Management 2 SWOT Analysis is the most widely recognized and eminent model for choice making in the business world today. It is utilized for leading the review, examine and dissect the general vital position of the business and the earth in which the business works SWOT is a shortening of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. The fundamental target of SWOT examination is to devise the best procedure for the association, utilizing it to set up the plan of action for the organization while keeping in perspective the assets, capacities and imperatives that are pertinent. It is indeed used to evaluate the inward capability of the association and how it can be used to misuse the roads accessible in nature. It thinks about all the great and unfavorable elements connected with the association. This instrument when utilized reliably can help as a part of the anticipating the future result and incorporating those figures in the association's technique. Directing SWOT examination is not a mind boggling assignment but rather incorporates an extremely basic and intriguing movement. It likewise incorporates meetings to generate new ideas. SWOT investigation might be utilized to build up the business thought, evaluating a chance to make a securing, examining a potential organization or settling on choice around a brand, item, and a speculation opportunity. Strengths are the focused edge or the capacities an association must be used when contending with its rivals. They can be utilized to accomplish the expressed mission of the association they go about as columns on the premise of which an organization van continue with achievement and development. Qualities as appeared in the above table can be as resources which are substantial. For instance: hardware, money. It can likewise be in immaterial for like licenses, duplicate rights. It can be an element which is Decision Making Process in Management 3 subjective and can't be changed over in numerical terms, for example, prepared human asset. They help in contending with the contenders and change in the execution of the association. They give an upper hand in examination with alternate organizations in the business. They can be abused to guarantee the future prosperity of the association. The hierarchical structure of a worldwide organization assumes a critical part in the achievement of choices made at the local level. Brought together business structures can regularly be excessively strict, making it impossible to permit socially delicate choices to be made by neighborhood administration. A reckless move from a self-governing structure to a unified structure can bring about issues in the middle of corporate and neighborhood specialty units and contrarily impact business execution. A worldwide organization will succeed in the event that it can keep up a harmony between concentrated control and self-sufficient provincial control that will encourage choice making that considers social contrasts. Extensive organizations have been endeavoring to discover a harmony between the conventional various leveled structure and the adaptable nearby entrepreneurial structure for a long time. Expanding worldwide rivalry has made it basic that multinational ventures both all-around coordinated and locally responsive in the meantime (Bartlett and Ghoshal, 1988). Sohn and Paik (2004) depict the endeavors of Toshiba to accomplish a half and half of brought together control and confined self-governance. Regardless of the structure picked, partnerships can all be put some place along the continuum in the middle of incorporated and decentralized administration. A unified structure will be slower to react to changing economic situations however gives dependability and control. A decentralized structure gives self-sufficiency to Decision Making Process in Management 4 nearby organizations to settle on their own choices rapidly, in any case, the choices may not adjust to the guardian associations' key targets and morals. Numerous business choices include struggle between profiting and moral treatment of representatives, clients, and the earth. Halfway oversaw associations will probably adjust choices to an all-inclusive corporate set of principles. Independent auxiliaries will settle on choices that are intelligent of the nearby social qualities. The danger to the guardian association is that some of these choices might seriously strife with shareholder values. Treatment of ladies, youngsters, and regard for

Culture Shock Essays - Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Relativism

Culture Shock Essays - Cultural Anthropology, Cultural Relativism Culture Shock Culture Shock The United States of America is a country in which many people from all over the world comes to live harmoniously with each other. Unlike Canada, which is a multicultural country, it is a melting pot since each person brings his peculiarity to enrich the culture of this country. But this melting process is not always without pain or hurt. I felt the life in Canada is more comfortable According to John J. Macionis, the author of Sociology, secondary Canadian edition. Culture shock is a state of bewilderment, anxiety, disorientation and distress as an individual suddenly exposed to a social or cultural environment radically different from his own. It happens frequently for the international students and immigrants. Culture conflicts appear not only when students come to school and learn new ways of living there, but also when they come back home and live with their own families or their own societies. The reason for that is the students are young and easy to change, but the adults are not ready to follow their example and adapt to the new situation. When I first come to live in the states, my system of values must change in order for me to survive. When I first came to the states, I was unprepared to live there, that's why I always suffer from stress because of culture shock. I feel that student-teacher relationships in North American are not the same as they were in Hong Kong. Hong Kong students often have high regard for their teachers. In Hong Kong, students never call their teacher by their first name, because it is not respectful to the teacher. Also, they hesitate to ask or to answer questions in class because they don't want to lose their face in showing their ignorance in front of the class, and sometimes because their English is not good enough to form a clear question. And if they give the wrong answer it not only humiliates them but also brings shame on their families. Hong Kong students were taught to be modest and not to display their knowledge freely until being specially called for. All these things can lead to misunderstanding since my teachers thought that I was too shy, or stupid, or abnormal. Sometimes when b eing directly asked for some questions, unlike American students, which are more creative and can always give a fast answer, I have to take a long time to think the question over, because I was afraid to give the incorrect answer. Teachers often feel uncomfortable with my silence and tend to interpret my silence as an indicator of my inability to answer a question. It's a normal thing that American teachers expect Asian students to ask them to explain something difficult. However, Hong Kong students don't do this as we have seen earlier. Moreover, their feedback sometimes leads to more misunderstanding. When teachers see their students listen to them in smiling or in head nodding, they imagine that these students understand the subject very well. In reality, some students mask their emotions and just act like that to be polite, since they think that if they would ask question, the teachers would be hurt for their teaching was not clear enough for the class. I was having low expectat ion from the teacher at that time and that affects my learning. I was stressed and felt disorientation all the time in school. Many teachers do not treat their minority learners as intelligent students, and perhaps as a result, their minority students fail in their classes (Scarcella, 139). In Hong Kong, students stay in the same classroom with a fixed seat everyday in a same year while their teachers come to their class to teach them. Therefore, students can have many friends who always do the same things with them. This helped to build a more close and stable relationship between students. Students are more interdependent. What are important is not me but we. In America, the people are more individualistic. People only pursue their own personal achievement and fulfillment. Relationships between people are often many but temporary or casual. I felt people only care about themselves and I felt that they are very selfish. At that

5 Surprising Reasons Your Job Application Isnt Getting a Response

5 Surprising Reasons Your Job Application Isnt Getting a Response Sending out resumes by the dozens, but not getting any calls from hiring managers? You could be a fantastic candidate, but it might be time to ask yourself if you’re inadvertently doing anything that keeps you from making the next round.  Here are 5 things you might not have considered that may be the reason your job application isn’t getting a response. 1. Online-Only ApplicationsThe vast majority of your queries and applications are through online sites and job boards. But did you know that nearly 80% of all job openings don’t ever make it online? Switch your focus to networking, and find a way to get internal recommendations for positions before they’re even advertised online.2. A Generic ResumeIf you’re not crafting every resume to specifically target the specific job you want, then you’re wasting your time. The extra time it takes to match the resume spec for spec to the job to which you are applying will always be worth it. This shows you’re serious and do your homework. Make it as easy as possible for the decision maker to call you in.3. Lack of KeywordsFor online applications especially, you need to be mindful of the keywords you should include to get past online tracking systems. If you don’t have the right keywords or phrases in your application, yours might never come up in the recruiter’s search.The best way to figure out what to include is to comb through the job posting itself and make sure to highlight, verbatim, the qualifications you have that match the job’s demands. When in doubt, include the obvious skills and strengths. You never know what a hiring manager might be searching for.4. Social Media OopsiesOften one of the final stages in sorting through applicants is a quick scan of their social media presence looking for red flags. Don’t give them any. Scrub your sites clean of anything inappropriate or offensive. But do make sure to have a presence- being totally u nfindable can backfire as well.5. Telling Your AgeWhether you are uncharacteristically young or old for the position in question, don’t disclose this information until you walk into the interview and can control their reaction. Don’t broadcast this information too early or risk being weeded out. (Despite age discrimination being totally illegal†¦)